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China’s New Lunar Project To Build Base At The Moon

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China’s New Lunar Project To Build Base At The Moon

By Darwin Malicdem on July 21 2015 4:54 PM

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A lunar eclipse is seen above a statue of late Chinese chairman Mao Zedong in Wuhan, Hubei province, October 8, 2014. The total eclipse, also known as a "blood moon" due to the coppery, reddish color the moon takes as it passes into Earth's shadow, is the second of four over a two-year period that began April 15 and concludes on September 28, 2015. Reuters

China, after its previous spaceflight projects, wants to land probes at the never-before explored surface of the Moon, anonymously called as “dark side." The Chinese National Space Administration, or CNSA, was reported to be setting up a lunar base at the far side of the Moon for its future space exploration and further solar system studies. The CNSA then bragged that their plan to place a space lander and rover on the far side of the Moon is a mission that no country has attempted before.

In the early 1970s, before China’s proposed space mission, Jack Schmitt, astronaut of Apollo 17, suggested for NASA to land the Apollo mission on the far side, the side behind moon's surface that faces the Earth, as it could provide data about the unexplored lunar surface, but the agency refused as it was too risky for a manned mission at the time. But today, no more than 40 years later after the mission, China is planning to achieve Schmitt's proposal.

The nation aims to become the first nation to land on the far side of the moon in 2018 or 2019, and build a base camp for astronauts on its surface. But CNSA said that the mission would be a stepping stone for having a manned lunar base on the surface in the future.

Since 2007, the CNSA has already placed probes in the moon's orbit, including Chang'e 1, named after the Chinese goddess of the Moon, then followed by the orbiter Chang'e 2 after three years and the lander Chang'e 3 in 2013 that brought the small rover, Yutu, to the moon, recorded as the first craft to make a soft-landing at the lunar surface since 1970. And the new lunar programme of China aims to land a rover on the far side to provide new data on the moon's geologic history.

China’s space administration sent a presentation to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs in June, discussing the robotic mission. CNSA named the mission as Chang’e-4, successor to the Chang’e 3 mission, that will be launched in 2018 or 2019 with the relay satellite and the country's second lunar rover, according to the submitted presentation.

In the presentation, CNSA noted the key objective of the mission, to perform the “first soft-landing and exploration on the lunar far side in human history.” Hence, the European Space Agency, or ESA, may take part in the mission, but its role is not assured, according to a report.

Moon’s “dark side” had never been observed until the Soviet Union’s Luna 3 probe sent back images in 1959 wherein the mission was said to be crucial because the other side of our celestial neighbour never comes into view to Earth due to gravitational or tidal lock with our planet, according to CNSA. The relay satellite would serve as the primary medium of all communications between the Moon and the main headquarters on Earth.

Schmitt said that the crucial side of the moon would test the communication process for astronauts that will allow the further development to be used for future manned Mars missions. With this in mind, China proposed that the Chang’e 4 mission would serve as “experimental verification for a lunar base” that could give a clearer view of the universe.

In addition, there are also some features of interest on the far side, such as the South Pole-Aitken basin, a huge impact crater that may offer excavated lunar mantle. China suggests that the basin may serve as a “gateway space station” for manned missions further into the Solar System.

With the country’s previous lunar exploration projects and its future plans, China stated that the project is open for cooperating with other nations exploring the space, particularly with ESA for future lunar missions, as the latter has proposed building a “lunar village” recently. CNSA stated that China is hoping to be allowed to dock at the International Space Station, or ISS, in the future. But the US space policy prohibits the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, from working with the China for any projects.

China’s New Lunar Project To Build Base At The Moon
 
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A lunar eclipse is seen above a statue of late Chinese chairman Mao Zedong in Wuhan, Hubei province, October 8, 2014. The total eclipse, also known as a "blood moon" due to the coppery, reddish color the moon takes as it passes into Earth's shadow, is the second of four over a two-year period that began April 15 and concludes on September 28, 2015. Reuters
 
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“Yutu, to the moon, recorded as the first craft to make a soft-landing at the lunar surface since 1970. And the new lunar programme of China aims to land a rover on the far side to provide new data on the moon's geologic history.”


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The Moon Lander



The Moon's History Is Surprisingly Complex, Chinese Rover Finds
by Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer | March 12, 2015 02:01pm ET

The moon's past was livelier and more complex than scientists had thought, new results from China's first lunar rover suggest.

China's Yutu moon rover found evidence of at least nine distinct rock layers deep beneath its wheels, indicating that the area has been surprisingly geologically active over the past 3.3 billion years.


"Two things are most interesting," said Long Xiao, a researcher at the China University of Geosciences in Wuhan, who is the lead author of the study detailing the new findings. "One is [that] more volcanic events have been defined in the late volcanism history of the moon," Xiao told Space.com via email. [The Moon: 10 Surprising Lunar Facts]

"Another is the lunar mare [volcanic plain] area is not only composed of basaltic lavas, but also explosive eruption-formed pyroclastic rocks," Xiao added. "The latter finding may shed light on … the volatile contents in the lunar mantle."


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China's Chang'e 3 moon lander carries a six-wheeled Yutu rover vehicle on its back. See how the Chang'e 3 moon rover mission works in this SPACE.com infographic.
Credit: by Karl Tate, Infographics Artist





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China's Yutu rover traveled about 374 feet (114 meters) on the moon in a zigzag fashion after touching down in December 2013.
Credit: Science/AAAS/Xiao et al. 2015

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Map showing where moon missions have touched down.
Credit: Science/AAAS/Xiao et al. 2015



Chang'e 3 moon mission. Chang'e 3 delivered Yutu and a stationary lander to the lunar surface on Dec. 14, 2013 — the first soft touchdown on the moon since the Soviet Union's Luna 24 mission in 1976.

Yutu traveled 374 feet (114 meters) on the moon in a zigzag fashion before a glitch ended its travels in January 2014.

The rover was equipped with cameras and three main scientific instruments — the Lunar Penetrating Radar (LPR), the Visible Near-Infrared Spectrometer (VNIS) and the Active Particle-Induced X-ray Spectrometer (APXS). The new study, which was published online today (March 12) in the journal Science, reports results from the camera and the LPR, which can probe about 1,300 feet (400 m) beneath the moon's surface.


Those data paint a detailed portrait of the Chang'e 3 landing site, which sits just 165 feet (50 m) away from a 1,475-foot-wide (450 m) crater known as C1. C1 was gouged out by a cosmic impact that occurred sometime between 80 million and 27 million years ago, the study authors said.

Yutu studied the ground it rolled over, characterized the craters it cruised past and investigated an oddly coarse-textured rock dubbed Loong, which measures about 13 feet long by 5 feet high (4 by 1.5 m). Overall, the rover's observations suggest that the composition of its landing site is quite different from that of the places visited by NASA'sApollo missions and the Soviet Union's Luna program.

While Yutu isn't beaming home any new data these days, the scientific community can expect to hear about more discoveries from the mission shortly, Xiao said.

"Unfortunately, Yutu encountered mechanical problems and has ended its mission," he toldSpace.com. "No more data will come. However, our report only provides the scientific results based on imagery and radar data. More results from NIS and APXS for composition study will come out soon."

Follow Mike Wall on Twitter @michaeldwall and Google+. Follow us@Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.

 
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Lol, stupid article from an Indian source. Chinese don't brag when we do things. We just do it.

Easy man
It is not "bragging" if we can deliver as planned unlike some other people
The name of the writer @OP does not sound Indian. He needs to pay his bills too

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Chinese Print Art Painting
 
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China unveils plan to land on mysterious far side of the moon
If successful, China would be the first nation to explore the moon's far side and could lay the groundwork for a lunar base.

By Beatrice Gitau, Staff, July 21, 2015

The Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) has unveiled its early plans for landing a spacecraft on the far side of the Moon. If all goes according to plan, China would be first country to go there.

In a paper submitted to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, China said that the unmanned lander and rover, currently named Chang’e-4, will launch in 2018 or 2019. The lander could lay the groundwork for an eventual lunar base.

Key objectives include performing the "first soft landing on the lunar far side in human history"; demonstrating technologies of lunar data relay, landing, and roving on complicated terrains of the lunar far side; and lunar night power generation.

Cont->China unveils plan to land on mysterious far side of the moon - CSMonitor.com
 
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China unveils plan to land on mysterious far side of the moon
If successful, China would be the first nation to explore the moon's far side and could lay the groundwork for a lunar base.

By Beatrice Gitau, Staff, July 21, 2015

The Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA) has unveiled its early plans for landing a spacecraft on the far side of the Moon. If all goes according to plan, China would be first country to go there.

In a paper submitted to the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, China said that the unmanned lander and rover, currently named Chang’e-4, will launch in 2018 or 2019. The lander could lay the groundwork for an eventual lunar base.

Key objectives include performing the "first soft landing on the lunar far side in human history"; demonstrating technologies of lunar data relay, landing, and roving on complicated terrains of the lunar far side; and lunar night power generation.

Cont->China unveils plan to land on mysterious far side of the moon - CSMonitor.com
I wonder why unmanned spacecraft have never landed on the dark side of the moon.
 
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I wonder why unmanned spacecraft have never landed on the dark side of the moon.

I think it is technically more difficult to send commands and inter-transmission of vital signals between Earth's control center
and the space craft as on the back side there is the blocking mass of the Moon in the path. The problems can be solved by satellites though but I am not sure if US or Russia have already had the full system of satellite operations in place during their moon expeditions decades ago or as advanced as Beidou today

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I think it is technically more difficult to send commands and inter-transmission of vital signals between Earth's control center
and the space craft as on the back side there is the blocking mass of the Moon in the path. The problems can be solved by satellites though but I am not sure if US or Russia have already had the full system of satellite operations in place during their moon expeditions decades ago or as advanced as Beidou today

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Answered @ post 828 credit to @bobsm

Chinese Space Capabilities | Page 56
 
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