Project 627
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Yevgeny Marchuk , Yevgeny Nikitin
Engine for future aviation complex tactical aviation (PAK FA), its development and capabilities, the implementation of the project, the use of new technologies and materials - all this told in an exclusive interview with "MIC" Yevhen Marchuk, chief designer and director of the Scientific and Technical Center named after a . Swinging IV - branch of JSC "NPO" Saturn "United Engine Building Corporation.
E vgeny Yuvenalievich, during the years of transition to the new economic system Russia has lost its leading position in many high-tech fields, including in aircraft, as well as in the intellectual his segment - engine building. Do not passed the point of no return? Can I catch up with competitors? If so, how do you think should make up for lost time?
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For two decades, the domestic engine building, to use sports terminology, almost a circle has lagged behind their foreign colleagues and competitors. Therefore, we will never get the lead, if we try to catch up with global manufacturers of aircraft engines a simple exertion of all their forces, following the traditional treadmill for scientific and technological progress. Cut is necessary, run obliquely forward and escape. In sport, this is unacceptable, and the technique has its own, special rules of the game.
Q- How to cut?
A- Use of new materials, developments made in other areas of technical expertise. There is good cause to the fact that we do not only competitive aircraft engine for the PAK FA, but also aircraft engines followed by a generation.
Now for all gas turbine engines is implemented so-called Brayton cycle: supply of heat at constant pressure. The possibilities of such an engine suitable to its limit, it actually has exhausted itself, as exhausted at the time the piston engine. Of course, you can increase efficiency by two to three per cent, but in general it does not solve the problem. The problem is that the specific impulse increased by 50-60 percent.
In pure science discoveries are made, which can dramatically affect the development of technology. But the development of technical systems themselves are stepped on the rise. Here is the engine for the PAK FA will surpass even though all the parameters already established motors, however will be made using the already available scientific and technical base. Of course, there will be new ceramic materials can withstand very high temperatures. High-pressure turbine can operate without cooling blades, bearings - no lubrication. Inlet temperature exceeds the temperature of the combustion theater kerosene at 2300 degrees. This will limit opportunities to improve the parameters of modern aircraft engines. The current shape of the engine will continue for fifteen to twenty years. Much depends on how quickly begin to improve material properties.
Q- This is a more distant prospect. Let's still talk about our time. What is the current engine for the PAK FA?
A-Now for the PAK FA engine is made with the symbol "product 117". He is at the stage of preliminary test - bench and flight, which take place successfully. Some elements borrowed from developments in the creation of the engine "117S" for the Su-35, in particular the methods and design calculations, process technology complex structural elements.
Engine "117C" - is by no means an easy upgrade of the AL-31F, as sometimes you can read in the press. Thrust on his two tons higher than the AL-31F. Get these two tons in the same dimensions is not easy. The engine is a new low-pressure compressor. Substantially upgraded high-pressure compressor. The new combustion chamber. The new turbine. Almost all new units. The engine is 80 percent of new parts.
And the "product 117" for the PAK FA first stage (T-50) pull more than the "117C". In addition, it is a fundamentally new system of automatic control system (ACS) - fully digital, with full responsibility. For the first time it will be built at the Russian element basis. Architecture of the system, the control algorithm and its Russian counterparts. We want the cell and the base was Russian, although we have a list of permits for the use of foreign bases. Such a domestic engine building was not yet. To solve this problem of the Russian Federation Industry and Trade Ministry allocates funds. Carried out research work under the name "ACS promising products." Selected a good team of designers ACS, there is a certain reserve, and we are confident of success.
Q- What is it - the stage of preliminary tests of T-50, which you mentioned?
A- Stage of preliminary tests - the most labor-intensive period in the making of aircraft engine, both in time and in money. As implemented new design elements, something can go wrong. We have to redo something, again experience. If necessary, to working construction documentation (RCU). And that's it - time and money. High consumption of expensive kerosene for flight tests, etc. Just at this stage on the final day of the MAKS-2011 is not held on the launching of T-50. The weather was rainy. Low clouds. Poor visibility. The aircraft stopped the run.
Q- So what happened?
A- Surging. Aircraft engine - this is probably the hardest thing in the engineering of the product. The cost of failure is very high both in financial costs and in terms of national defense. Therefore, at the slightest deviation from the standard modes of operation of the engine test pilot must stop the rise of what was done. Although before the T-50 performed all scheduled flights without any problems. Carried out by the analysis revealed a deviation in the automation engine, which led to the surge. Inspections have shown that the motor is not damaged. Indeed, the day he was ready to continue the flight test.
Q- What are the further procedure in the way of production of the new engine?
A- Upon completion of the complex pre-test engine is presented to the state tests. To carry them out, a commission of military and civilian personnel. Under the supervision of members of the committee assembled engine. Conducted its tests. Then he goes, the Commission examines it again, write a conclusion. After doing all this work is carried out if necessary adjustment RKD and simultaneously produced serial products. Although some elements of the first stage of engine design for the PAK FA is already made, because their characteristics are fully confirmed in bench mode. By late 2011, will assess the technical specifications on the flight modes. The existing cooperative ventures in the design ("Saturn") and the launch of the "product 117" (Ufa Engine Industrial Association) is fully justified. We expect that by 2013, developers and production workers have to go on holding the state tests.
Q- The name "engine for the PAK FA first phase," says that the engine should be the second phase. Is not it?
A- That is true. Bookmark it done. The engine is done. On all the main characteristics, it will surpass the "product 117", particularly for higher traction and less weight. The ratio of the mass of the engine thrust is characterized by its important to dvigatelisty concept - specific weight. The figure will not call, do not have the right. Let me just say that it will be significantly higher than that generated overseas counterparts, and the technical configuration of the motor to change substantially.
Q- And what about the supersonic regime besforsazhny: some experts in the Russian aviation industry argue that the supersonic cruise flight will provide the engine is the first stage?
A- Again, I find it difficult to comment. We'll see. The most intense competition in the world is the place to be is in a high-tech industrial sector. In this area a potential competitor, a lot can be said not only the specific parameters of a unit, system, site or product as a whole, but only the interest of scientists and developers to a particular issue, only ideology of the system, the general direction conducted in the laboratories of research. In the history of many examples in this regard. But the most significant of these is the creation of a "superbomb" with great striking properties, that is, nuclear weapons before the war and during the Second World War. Then the fact of vigorous interest of scientists to a particular line of research was able to say much about the art. In the technosphere of our time, in ever-increasing competition between states in essence, little has changed in this regard.
Planck's tactical and technical characteristics of the second stage engine for the PAK FA raised an unprecedented high. To develop such an engine - means to solve serious enough scientific and engineering, scientific and technical challenge. She put the military-political leadership. The engine should be no worse than the Americans. But this can be achieved only if, I repeat, if run diagonally. Since some time in the 90s in a new aircraft engine has been established.
Q- How do you assess the changes in the organizational structure of the domestic aeroengine industry?
A- In the early 2000s were heated debates and even battles for the right to be the lead developer of the PAK FA engine. Now it is created in the United Engine Building Corporation (JDC). Cooperation is not formed in opposition of the potential prime contractor, and under centralized leadership of the JDC. That is correct. Because the competition should be between suppliers of components, thereby improving their quality. And at the head of Russia's long-term integrator of aircraft engine competitor must stay outside the country - the "Rolls Royce", "General Electric", "Pratt & Whitney" and other grandees of the world engine.
I support the elimination of competitive relations between the Rybinsk "Saturn" and Moscow's "Salute." In KB "Salyut" work came from the SEC named the cradle, which is a branch of Moscow NPO "Saturn". Work on the conceptual design of the second stage engine for the PAK FA both CB are together. General Designer of Design Bureau "Salyut" Michael Kolotnikov - my friend and colleague, who had for ten years at CB "Saturn."
Now Russian aircraft engine develops a normal creative atmosphere, manifested the same synergistic effect, which had a lot of experts said at various aviation events. People are no longer close to each other and work openly, helping each other.
But we should not get involved in restructuring actions in the DCS. The main thing - the result, not the process of change for the sake of change. Say, can not run the serial plant developers. Cooperation to develop the engine for the PAK FA second phase will be expanded. Added new KB, new plants. This is natural, since in various companies and design aircraft engine there are novelties in the field of technology, the best solutions in the design of various components and design elements. These will join the company and co-operation. As part of the DCS program launched the creation of centers of competence: the casting, making the blades, coating, different types of welds, etc. The principle is: which company is better and cheaper to obtain, the plant and becomes a center of competence. This will be one of the most important tools to improve quality, and hence the competitiveness of the company's products.
http://vpk-news.ru/articles/8228
So the engine is called "117C"
